The World Factbook CIA Home CIA Home About CIA Careers Offices of CIA News & Information Library Kid’s Page Contact CIA CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

         
  Peru  
Flag of Peru
Click to enlarge
Categories Banner
 Introduction
 Geography
 People
 Government
 Economy
 Communications
 Transportation
 Military
 Transnational Issues

This page was last updated on 14 May 2009


Map of Peru




Legend: DefinitionDefinition Field ListingField Listing Rank OrderRank Order

   Introduction    Peru Top of Page
Background:
Definition Field Listing
Ancient Peru was the seat of several prominent Andean civilizations, most notably that of the Incas whose empire was captured by the Spanish conquistadors in 1533. Peruvian independence was declared in 1821, and remaining Spanish forces defeated in 1824. After a dozen years of military rule, Peru returned to democratic leadership in 1980, but experienced economic problems and the growth of a violent insurgency. President Alberto FUJIMORI's election in 1990 ushered in a decade that saw a dramatic turnaround in the economy and significant progress in curtailing guerrilla activity. Nevertheless, the president's increasing reliance on authoritarian measures and an economic slump in the late 1990s generated mounting dissatisfaction with his regime, which led to his ouster in 2000. A caretaker government oversaw new elections in the spring of 2001, which ushered in Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique as the new head of government - Peru's first democratically elected president of Native American ethnicity. The presidential election of 2006 saw the return of Alan GARCIA Perez who, after a disappointing presidential term from 1985 to 1990, has overseen a robust macroeconomic performance.
   Geography    Peru Top of Page
Location:
Definition Field Listing
Western South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean, between Chile and Ecuador
Geographic coordinates:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
10 00 S, 76 00 W
Map references:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
South America
Area:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
total: 1,285,220 sq km
land: 1.28 million sq km
water: 5,220 sq km
Area - comparative:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
slightly smaller than Alaska
Land boundaries:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
total: 7,461 km
border countries: Bolivia 1,075 km, Brazil 2,995 km, Chile 171 km, Colombia 1,800 km, Ecuador 1,420 km
Coastline:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
2,414 km
Maritime claims:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
territorial sea: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm
Climate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
varies from tropical in east to dry desert in west; temperate to frigid in Andes
Terrain:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
western coastal plain (costa), high and rugged Andes in center (sierra), eastern lowland jungle of Amazon Basin (selva)
Elevation extremes:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Nevado Huascaran 6,768 m
Natural resources:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
copper, silver, gold, petroleum, timber, fish, iron ore, coal, phosphate, potash, hydropower, natural gas
Land use:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
arable land: 2.88%
permanent crops: 0.47%
other: 96.65% (2005)
Irrigated land:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
12,000 sq km (2003)
Total renewable water resources:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
1,913 cu km (2000)
Freshwater withdrawal (domestic/industrial/agricultural):
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
total: 20.13 cu km/yr (8%/10%/82%)
per capita: 720 cu m/yr (2000)
Natural hazards:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
earthquakes, tsunamis, flooding, landslides, mild volcanic activity
Environment - current issues:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
deforestation (some the result of illegal logging); overgrazing of the slopes of the costa and sierra leading to soil erosion; desertification; air pollution in Lima; pollution of rivers and coastal waters from municipal and mining wastes
Environment - international agreements:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Geography - note:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
shares control of Lago Titicaca, world's highest navigable lake, with Bolivia; a remote slope of Nevado Mismi, a 5,316 m peak, is the ultimate source of the Amazon River
   People    Peru Top of Page
Population:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
29,546,963 (July 2009 est.)
Age structure:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
0-14 years: 29.1% (male 4,370,923/female 4,216,364)
15-64 years: 65.2% (male 9,695,270/female 9,574,018)
65 years and over: 5.7% (male 796,631/female 893,757) (2009 est.)
Median age:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
total: 26.1 years
male: 25.8 years
female: 26.4 years (2009 est.)
Population growth rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
1.229% (2009 est.)
Birth rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
19.38 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Death rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
6.16 deaths/1,000 population (2008 est.)
Net migration rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
-0.95 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Urbanization:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
urban population: 71% of total population (2008)
rate of urbanization: 1.3% annual rate of change (2005-10 est.)
Sex ratio:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2009 est.)
Infant mortality rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
total: 28.62 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 31.07 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 26.06 deaths/1,000 live births (2009 est.)
Life expectancy at birth:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
total population: 70.74 years
male: 68.88 years
female: 72.69 years (2009 est.)
Total fertility rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
2.37 children born/woman (2009 est.)
HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
0.5% (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
76,000 (2007 est.)
HIV/AIDS - deaths:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
3,300 (2007 est.)
Major infectious diseases:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
degree of risk: very high
food or waterborne diseases: bacterial, hepatitis A, and typhoid fever
vectorborne disease: dengue fever, malaria, and yellow fever
water contact disease: leptospirosis (2009)
Nationality:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
noun: Peruvian(s)
adjective: Peruvian
Ethnic groups:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
Amerindian 45%, mestizo (mixed Amerindian and white) 37%, white 15%, black, Japanese, Chinese, and other 3%
Religions:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
Roman Catholic 81.3%, Evangelical 12.5%, other 3.3%, unspecified or none 2.9% (2007 Census)
Languages:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
Spanish (official), Quechua (official), Aymara, and a large number of minor Amazonian languages
Literacy:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.9%
male: 96.4%
female: 89.4% (2007 Census)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education):
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
total: 14 years
male: 14 years
female: 14 years (2006)
Education expenditures:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
2.5% of GDP (2006)
   Government    Peru Top of Page
Country name:
Definition Field Listing
conventional long form: Republic of Peru
conventional short form: Peru
local long form: Republica del Peru
local short form: Peru
Government type:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
constitutional republic
Capital:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
name: Lima
geographic coordinates: 12 03 S, 77 03 W
time difference: UTC-5 (same time as Washington, DC during Standard Time)
Administrative divisions:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
25 regions (regiones, singular - region) and 1 province* (provincia); Amazonas, Ancash, Apurimac, Arequipa, Ayacucho, Cajamarca, Callao, Cusco, Huancavelica, Huanuco, Ica, Junin, La Libertad, Lambayeque, Lima, Lima*, Loreto, Madre de Dios, Moquegua, Pasco, Piura, Puno, San Martin, Tacna, Tumbes, Ucayali
Independence:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
28 July 1821 (from Spain)
National holiday:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
Independence Day, 28 July (1821)
Constitution:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
29 December 1993
Legal system:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
based on civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations
Suffrage:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
18 years of age; universal and compulsory until the age of 70; note - for the first time in recent elections, members of the military and national police were eligible to vote in the 2006 elections
Executive branch:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
chief of state: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 July 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas (since 28 July 2006); Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 July 2006); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government
head of government: President Alan GARCIA Perez (since 28 July 2006); First Vice President Luis GIAMPIETRI Rojas (since 28 July 2006); Second Vice President Lourdes MENDOZA del Solar (since 28 July 2006)
note: Prime Minister Yehude SIMON Munaro (since 14 October 2008) does not exercise executive power; this power is in the hands of the president
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
elections: president elected by popular vote for a five-year term (eligible for a nonconsecutive reelection); presidential and congressional elections held 9 April 2006 with runoff election held 4 June 2006; next to be held in April 2011
election results: Alan GARCIA Perez elected president in runoff election; percent of vote - Alan GARCIA Perez 52.5%, Ollanta HUMALA Tasso 47.5%
Legislative branch:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
unicameral Congress of the Republic of Peru or Congreso de la Republica del Peru (120 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)
elections: last held 9 April 2006 (next to be held in April 2011)
election results: percent of vote by party - UPP 21.2%, PAP 20.6%, UN 15.3%, AF 13.1%, FC 7.1%, PP 4.1%, RN 4.0%, other 14.6%; seats by party - UPP 45, PAP 36, UN 17, AF 13, FC 5, PP 2, RN 2
Judicial branch:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
Supreme Court of Justice or Corte Suprema de Justicia (judges are appointed by the National Council of the Judiciary)
Political parties and leaders:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
Alliance For Progress (Alianza Para El Progreso) [Cesar ACUNA Peralta]; Alliance For The Future (Alianza Por El Futuro) or AF (a coalition of pro-FUJIMORI parties including Cambio 90, Nueva Mayoria, and Si Cumple); Central Front (Frente Del Centro) or FC (a coalition of Accion Popular, Somos Peru, and Coordinadora Nacional de Independientes) [Victor Andres GARCIA Belaunde]; National Renovation Party (Partido Renovacion Nacional) [Rafael REY]; National Restoration Party (Restauracion Nacional) or RN [Humberto LAY Sun]; National Solidarity Party (Partido Solidaridad Nacional) or SN [Luis CASTANEDA Lossio]; Peru Possible (Peru Posible) or PP [Alejandro TOLEDO Manrique]; Peruvian Aprista Party (Partido Aprista Peruano) or PAP [Alan GARCIA Perez] (also referred to by its original name Alianza Popular Revolucionaria Americana or APRA); Peruvian Nationalist Party (Partido Nacionalista Peruano) or PNP [Ollanta HUMALA Tasso]; Popular Christian Party (Partido Popular Cristiano) or PPC [Lourdes FLORES Nano]; Union for Peru (Union por el Peru) or UPP [Aldo ESTRADA Choque]
Political pressure groups and leaders:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
General Workers Confederation of Peru (Confederacion General de Trabajadores del Peru) or CGTP [Mario HUAMAN]; Shining Path (Sendero Luminoso) or SL [Abimael GUZMAN Reynoso (imprisoned), Victor QUISPE Palomino (top leader at-large)] (leftist guerrilla group)
International organization participation:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
APEC, CAN, FAO, G-15, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur (associate), MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUC, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNASUR, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNMIL, UNMIS, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Diplomatic representation in the US:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
chief of mission: Ambassador Luis VALDIVIESO Montano
chancery: 1700 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036
telephone: [1] (202) 833-9860 through 9869
FAX: [1] (202) 659-8124
consulate(s) general: Atlanta, Boston, Chicago, Denver, Hartford, Houston, Los Angeles, Miami, New York, Paterson (New Jersey), San Francisco, Washington, DC
Diplomatic representation from the US:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
chief of mission: Ambassador P. Michael MCKINLEY
embassy: Avenida La Encalada, Cuadra 17s/n, Surco, Lima 33
mailing address: P. O. Box 1995, Lima 1; American Embassy (Lima), APO AA 34031-5000
telephone: [51] (1) 434-3000
FAX: [51] (1) 618-2397
Flag description:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
three equal, vertical bands of red (hoist side), white, and red with the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a shield bearing a vicuna, cinchona tree (the source of quinine), and a yellow cornucopia spilling out gold coins, all framed by a green wreath
   Economy    Peru Top of Page
Economy - overview:
Definition Field Listing
Peru's economy reflects its varied geography - an arid coastal region, the Andes further inland, and tropical lands bordering Colombia and Brazil. Abundant mineral resources are found in the mountainous areas, and Peru's coastal waters provide excellent fishing grounds. The Peruvian economy grew by more than 4% per year during the period 2002-06, with a stable exchange rate and low inflation. Growth jumped to 9% per year in 2007 and 2008, driven by higher world prices for minerals and metals and the government's aggressive trade liberalization strategies. Peru's rapid expansion has helped to reduce the national poverty rate by about 15% since 2002, though underemployment and inflation remain high. Despite Peru's strong macroeconomic performance, overdependence on minerals and metals subjects the economy to fluctuations in world prices, and poor infrastructure precludes the spread of growth to Peru's non-coastal areas. Not all Peruvians therefore have shared in the benefits of growth. President GARCIA's pursuit of sound trade and macroeconomic policies has cost him political support since his election. Nevertheless, he remains committed to Peru's free-trade path. The United States and Peru completed negotiations on the implementation of the U.S.-Peru Trade Promotion Agreement (PTPA), and the agreement entered into force February 1, 2009, opening the way to greater trade and investment between the two economies.
GDP (purchasing power parity):
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$238.9 billion (2008 est.)
$218.8 billion (2007)
$206.6 billion (2006)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP (official exchange rate):
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
$131.4 billion (2008 est.)
GDP - real growth rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
9.2% (2008 est.)
9% (2007 est.)
7.6% (2006 est.)
GDP - per capita (PPP):
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$8,400 (2008 est.)
$7,800 (2007 est.)
$7,300 (2006 est.)
note: data are in 2008 US dollars
GDP - composition by sector:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
agriculture: 8.5%
industry: 21.2%
services: 70.3% (2008 est.)
Labor force:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
10.2 million (2008 est.)
Labor force - by occupation:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
agriculture: 0.7%
industry: 23.8%
services: 75.5% (2005)
Unemployment rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
8.4% in metropolitan Lima; widespread underemployment (2008 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
lowest 10%: 1.3%
highest 10%: 40.9% (2003)
Distribution of family income - Gini index:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
49.8 (2005)
Investment (gross fixed):
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
24.4% of GDP (2008 est.)
Budget:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
revenues: $38.83 billion
expenditures: $35.5 billion (2008 est.)
Public debt:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
24.1% of GDP (2008 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices):
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
6.7% (2008 est.)
Central bank discount rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
6.5% (December 2008)
Commercial bank prime lending rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
24.1% (December 2008)
Stock of money:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$14.66 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of quasi money:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$19.95 billion (31 December 2007)
Stock of domestic credit:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$17.88 billion (31 December 2007)
Market value of publicly traded shares:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$57.23 billion (31 July 2008)
Agriculture - products:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
asparagus, coffee, cocoa, cotton, sugarcane, rice, potatoes, corn, plantains, grapes, oranges, pineapples, guavas, bananas, apples, lemons, pears, coca, tomatoes, mango, barley, medicinal plants, palm oil, marigold, onion, wheat, dry beans; poultry, beef, dairy products; fish, guinea pigs
Industries:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
mining and refining of minerals; steel, metal fabrication; petroleum extraction and refining, natural gas; fishing and fish processing, textiles, clothing, food processing
Industrial production growth rate:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
4.5% (2008 est.)
Electricity - production:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
30.57 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - consumption:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
28.97 billion kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - exports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Electricity - imports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
0 kWh (2008 est.)
Oil - production:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
110,800 bbl/day (2008 est.)
Oil - consumption:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
170,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - exports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
27,390 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - imports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
109,000 bbl/day (2007 est.)
Oil - proved reserves:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
930 million bbl (1 January 2008 est.)
Natural gas - production:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
3.4 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - consumption:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
3.4 billion cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - exports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
0 cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - imports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
0 cu m (2008 est.)
Natural gas - proved reserves:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
334.7 billion cu m (1 January 2008 est.)
Current account balance:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
-$3.631 billion (2008 est.)
Exports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$33.27 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)
Exports - commodities:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
copper, gold, zinc, crude petroleum and petroleum products, coffee, potatoes, asparagus, textiles, fishmeal
Exports - partners:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
US 19.5%, China 12.7%, Canada 7.6%, Japan 7.5%, Chile 5.9%, Switzerland 4.2%, Spain 4.1% (2007)
Imports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$29.08 billion f.o.b. (2008 est.)
Imports - commodities:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
petroleum and petroleum products, plastics, machinery, vehicles, iron and steel, wheat, paper
Imports - partners:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
US 20.5%, China 10.8%, Brazil 9%, Ecuador 6.1%, Argentina 5.6%, Chile 5%, Colombia 4.8% (2007)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$31.79 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Debt - external:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$35.46 billion (31 December 2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - at home:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$32.14 billion (2008 est.)
Stock of direct foreign investment - abroad:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
$1.476 billion (2008 est.)
Exchange rates:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
nuevo sol (PEN) per US dollar - 2.91 (2008 est.), 3.1731 (2007), 3.2742 (2006), 3.2958 (2005), 3.4132 (2004)
   Communications    Peru Top of Page
Telephones - main lines in use:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
2.673 million (2007)
Telephones - mobile cellular:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
15.417 million (2007)
Telephone system:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
general assessment: adequate for most requirements
domestic: fixed-line teledensity is only about 9 per 100 persons; mobile-cellular teledensity, spurred by competition among multiple providers, has increased to roughly 55 telephones per 100 persons; nationwide microwave radio relay system and a domestic satellite system with 12 earth stations
international: country code - 51; the South America-1 (SAM-1) and Pan American (PAN-AM) submarine cable systems provide links to parts of Central and South America, the Caribbean, and US; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Radio broadcast stations:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
AM 472, FM 198, shortwave 189 (1999)
Television broadcast stations:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
13 (plus 112 repeaters) (1997)
Internet country code:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
.pe
Internet hosts:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
271,745 (2008)
Internet users:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
7.636 million (2007)
   Transportation    Peru Top of Page
Airports:
Definition Field Listing Rank Order
202 (2008)
Airports - with paved runways:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
total: 56
over 3,047 m: 6
2,438 to 3,047 m: 20
1,524 to 2,437 m: 15
914 to 1,523 m: 11
under 914 m: 4 (2008)
Airports - with unpaved runways:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
total: 146
2,438 to 3,047 m: 2
1,524 to 2,437 m: 24
914 to 1,523 m: 39
under 914 m: 81 (2008)
Heliports:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
1 (2007)
Pipelines:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
extra heavy crude 533 km; gas 1,078 km; liquid petroleum gas 654 km; oil 1,018 km; refined products 15 km (2008)
Railways:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
total: 1,989 km
standard gauge: 1,726 km 1.435-m gauge
narrow gauge: 263 km 0.914-m gauge (2006)
Roadways:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
total: 78,829 km
paved: 11,351 km (includes 276 km of expressways)
unpaved: 67,478 km (2004)
Waterways:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
8,808 km
note: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon system and 208 km of Lago Titicaca (2008)
Merchant marine:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
total: 8
by type: cargo 3, chemical tanker 1, petroleum tanker 4
foreign-owned: 1 (Bahamas 1)
registered in other countries: 17 (Belize 1, Panama 16) (2008)
Ports and terminals:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
Callao, Iquitos, Matarani, Paita, Pucallpa, Yurimaguas; note - Iquitos, Pucallpa, and Yurimaguas are on the upper reaches of the Amazon and its tributaries
   Military    Peru Top of Page
Military branches:
Definition Field Listing
Army of Peru (Ejercito Peruano), Navy of Peru (Marina de Guerra del Peru, MGP (includes naval air, naval infantry, and Coast Guard)), Air Force of Peru (Fuerza Aerea del Peru, FAP) (2008)
Military service age and obligation:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
18-30 years of age for voluntary male and female military service; no conscription (2008)
Manpower available for military service:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
males age 16-49: 7,653,898
females age 16-49: 7,531,329 (2008 est.)
Manpower fit for military service:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
males age 16-49: 5,920,716
females age 16-49: 6,359,803 (2009 est.)
Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
male: 310,575
female: 300,838 (2009 est.)
Military expenditures:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order Comparison to the rest of the world
1.5% of GDP (2006)
   Transnational Issues    Peru Top of Page
Disputes - international:
Definition Field Listing
Chile and Ecuador rejected Peru's November 2005 unilateral legislation to shift the axis of their joint treaty-defined maritime boundaries along the parallels of latitude to equidistance lines which favor Peru; organized illegal narcotics operations in Colombia have penetrated Peru's shared border; Peru rejects Bolivia's claim to restore maritime access through a sovereign corridor through Chile along the Peruvian border
Refugees and internally displaced persons:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
IDPs: 60,000-150,000 (civil war from 1980-2000; most IDPs are indigenous peasants in Andean and Amazonian regions) (2007)
Illicit drugs:
Definition Field info displayed for all countries in alpha order
until 1996 the world's largest coca leaf producer, Peru is now the world's second largest producer of coca leaf, though it lags far behind Colombia; cultivation of coca in Peru declined to 36,000 hectares in 2007; second largest producer of cocaine, estimated at 210 metric tons of potential pure cocaine in 2007; finished cocaine is shipped out from Pacific ports to the international drug market; increasing amounts of base and finished cocaine, however, are being moved to Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Bolivia for use in the Southern Cone or transshipment to Europe and Africa; increasing domestic drug consumption

This page was last updated on 14 May 2009


Bottom Banner